We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Connection between dowry/fiance price (paid because of the inside-rules regarding siblings, someone else throughout the community and you may neighborhood) and you may wife’s updates in the marital domestic (OLS)
cuatro.step three Conversation and you may robustness inspections
For the determining brand new ladies’ reputation from the relationship home, the end result of https://brightwomen.net/tr/fince-kadinlar/ your own web dowry (dowry without bride-to-be rate) could possibly get count. Keep in mind that the degree of deferred mehr is included by themselves out of the net dowry since the former has never been paid back unless of course breakup occurs and should not qualify property put on the marriage. The outcome suggest that new assets produced on ount) increase their own choice-making electricity and you can independence. This type of self-confident contacts commonly stunning as the latest relationships away from bride rate paid off at the time of matrimony manage restrict in order to that from dowry in the primary estimations.
Possibly, a greater ages otherwise education variation you are going to weaken new wife’s position regarding the marital home. Along with years differences also knowledge differences (replacing the newest partner’s many years and you will studies) will not affect the main effects, plus the coefficients of those parameters are not high (Appendix Desk 9, Committee B).
Brand new estimate process is constant by substitution dowry and bride to be rates having internet dowry (Appendix Dining table nine, Committee A great)
You to definitely you’ll believe what amount of many years just like the matrimony try important because the end result of dowry (or bride to be speed) is deeper appropriate marriage. Also many years while the ount of dowry (substitution female’s ages during the relationship) magnifies the base effect of dowry inside ladies’ freedom but reduces its magnitude in addition to benefits peak when you look at the women’s decision making (Appendix Desk nine, Committee C). Meaning you to definitely a much bigger dowry boosts the wife’s autonomy in the the brand new relationship domestic immediately following marriage; however, the fresh new relationship isn’t significantly influenced by the new passage of age given that marriage.
Zero measure of gender ideology is roofed in the primary estimate due to endogeneity questions. That you will believe addition of such methods could possibly get weaken the fresh new organization anywhere between dowry and you can ladies’ condition about relationship family. While we you should never refuse the possibility that needs and ideological thinking about the gender interactions are not built-in and alter across the marital lives, this new estimation process try regular because of the as well as two strategies to have child preference: the first adjustable equals that if wife’s top amount of sons try greater than compared to daughters as well as the second translates to you to definitely if the partner wants to provide degree so you can sons as opposed to so you’re able to daughters. Controlling to possess gender ideology doesn’t dramatically impact the head estimate overall performance (Appendix Desk nine, Committee D). Surprisingly, women’s decision making is actually absolutely associated with child preference. not, it’s negatively of preference getting bringing higher education in order to sons as compared with daughters. A possible interpretation would be the fact very experienced feminine could be facing gender inequality inside training and stay even more motivated on the relationship household however, like with far more sons than simply daughters. That it seems in line with certain established education proving you to young buck liking is much more commonplace certainly one of very experienced female rather than uneducated female in the South China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).